Mālama ka ʻōnaehana anti-lock braking (ABS) i nā ʻāpana o ka neʻe ʻana o ke kaʻa e like me ka heluhelu ʻana o nā mea ʻike i kau ʻia ma hoʻokahi huila a ʻoi aku paha.E aʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka sensor ABS a me ke kumu e pono ai, he aha nā ʻano, pehea e hana ai a me nā loina o kāna hana - e ʻike mai ka ʻatikala.
He aha ka mea ʻike ABS
ʻO ka sensor ABS (ʻo ia hoʻi ka meaʻike kaʻa kaʻa, DSA) kahi mea ʻike ʻole pili i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻololi (a i ʻole ka wikiwiki) o ka huila o nā kaʻa i lako me nā ʻōnaehana palekana uila uila a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele kōkua.ʻO nā mea ʻike wikiwiki nā mea ana nui e hōʻoia i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana anti-lock braking system (ABS), stability control system (ESC) a me ka traction control.Eia kekahi, hoʻohana ʻia nā heluhelu sensor i kekahi mau ʻōnaehana hoʻoili maʻalahi, ke ana ʻana i ke kaomi ʻana, nā kukui adaptive a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā kaʻa hou a pau a me nā kaʻa huila ʻē aʻe he lako me nā mea ʻike wikiwiki.Ma nā kaʻa kaʻa, hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea ʻike ma kēlā me kēia huila, ma nā kaʻa kalepa a me nā kaʻa, hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea ʻike ma nā huila āpau a me nā ʻokoʻa axle kaʻa (hoʻokahi no ke axle).No laila, hiki i nā ʻōnaehana anti-lock braking ke nānā i ke kūlana o nā huila āpau a i ʻole nā huila o nā axles kaʻa, a ma muli o kēia ʻike, e hoʻololi i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana braking.
Nā ʻano o nā mea ʻike ABS
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā DSA āpau i ʻelua hui nui:
• Passive - inductive;
• Active — magnetoresistive a ma muli o nā mea nane Hall.
ʻAʻole koi nā mea ʻike passive i ka lako mana o waho a loaʻa iā lākou ka hoʻolālā maʻalahi, akā he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa lākou a he nui nā hemahema, no laila i kēia lā ua liʻiliʻi lākou.Pono nā mea ʻike ABS ikaika e hana, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻolālā ʻana a ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi, akā hāʻawi i nā heluhelu pololei loa a hilinaʻi i ka hana.No laila, i kēia lā, hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea ʻike ikaika ma ka hapa nui o nā kaʻa.
ʻElua mana o DSA o nā ʻano a pau:
• Pololei (hope);
• Kihi.
Loaʻa i nā mea ʻike pololei ke ʻano o ka cylinder a i ʻole ke koʻokoʻo, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai kahi mea sensing, ma kekahi - kahi mea hoʻohui a i ʻole uea me kahi mea hoʻohui.Hoʻolako ʻia nā mea ʻike kihi me kahi mea hoʻohui angular a i ʻole kahi uea me kahi mea hoʻohui, a loaʻa pū kekahi i kahi palaki a i ʻole metala me kahi puka bolt.
Hoʻolālā a me ka hana ʻana o nā mea ʻike inductive ABS
ʻO kēia ka mea ʻike wikiwiki maʻalahi ma ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana.Hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma luna o kahi ʻeha inductor me kahi uea keleawe lahilahi, i loko o ia mea he mana ikaika mau loa a me kahi kumu hao hao.Aia ka hope o ka wili me ke kumu magnetic ma ke alo o ka huila metala (pulse rotor), i kau ʻia ma luna o ka huila huila.Loaʻa i nā niho rotor kahi ʻaoʻao rectangular, ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā niho ua like a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o ko lākou laula.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hana o kēia sensor ma ke ʻano o ka induction electromagnetic.I ka hoʻomaha ʻana, ʻaʻohe mea i loko o ka coil sensor, no ka mea ua hoʻopuni ʻia e kahi māla magnetic mau - ʻaʻohe hōʻailona ma ka puka o ka sensor.ʻOiai e neʻe ana ke kaʻa, hele nā niho o ka pulse rotor ma kahi kokoke i ke kumu magnetic o ka sensor, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kahua magnetic e hele ana ma ka coil.Ma muli o ka hopena, lilo ka māla magnetic i ke ʻano, e like me ke kānāwai o ka electromagnetic induction, e hoʻohua ai i kahi ʻano alternating i ka coil.Hoʻololi kēia au e like me ke kānāwai o ka sine, a ʻo ke alapine o ka hoʻololi o kēia manawa e pili ana i ka wikiwiki o ka rotation o ka rotor, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka wikiwiki o ke kaʻa.
Loaʻa i nā mea ʻike wikiwiki inductive nā drawbacks koʻikoʻi - hoʻomaka lākou e hana i ka wā i lanakila ai kekahi wikiwiki a hana i kahi hōʻailona nāwaliwali.ʻO kēia ka mea hikiʻole i ka ABS a me nā pūnaewele'ē aʻe ke hana i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a alakaʻi pinepine i nā hewa.No laila, hāʻawi nā DSA passive o ke ʻano inductive i kēia lā i nā mea ʻoi aku ka holomua.
Hoʻolālā a me ka hana ʻana o nā mea ʻike wikiwiki e pili ana i ka mea Hall
ʻO nā sensor e pili ana i nā mea Hall ka mea maʻamau ma muli o ko lākou maʻalahi a me ka hilinaʻi.Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou ma ka hopena Hall - ka hiki ʻana mai o kahi ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa transverse i loko o kahi mea hoʻokele mokulele i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi kahua magnetic.ʻO ia mea alakaʻi he pā metala ʻehā i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi microcircuit (Hall integrated circuit), aia pū kekahi i kahi kaapuni uila loiloi e hana ai i kahi hōʻailona kikohoʻe.Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia chip i loko o ka mea ʻike wikiwiki.
Ma ke ʻano, he maʻalahi ka DSA me kahi ʻāpana Hall: ua hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma kahi microcircuit, ma hope o ia mea he magnet mau loa, a hiki ke loaʻa i kahi pahu metala-magnetic core a puni.Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau mea a pau i loko o kahi pahu, aia ma hope o kahi mea hoʻohui uila a i ʻole ka mea hoʻokele me kahi mea hoʻohui.Aia ka mea ʻike ma ke alo o ka pulse rotor, hiki ke hana ʻia ma ke ʻano o ke ʻano metala a i ʻole ke apo me nā ʻāpana magnetized, ua kau ʻia ka pulse rotor ma luna o ka huila huila.
ʻO ke kumu o ka hana ʻana o ka sensor Hall penei.Hoʻopuka mau ka Hall integrated circuit i kahi hōʻailona kikohoʻe ma ke ʻano o nā pulse square o kahi alapine.I ka hoʻomaha ʻana, liʻiliʻi iki kēia hōʻailona a ʻaʻole loa.I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana o ke kaʻa, hele nā ʻāpana magnetized a i ʻole nā niho rotor e ka mea ʻike, kahi e hoʻololi ai i ke ʻano o ka sensor - ke nānā ʻia kēia hoʻololi e ka kaapuni loiloi, kahi e hoʻopuka ai i ka hōʻailona puka.ʻO ke alapine o ka hōʻailona pulse e pili ana i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka huila, i hoʻohana ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana anti-lock braking.
ʻO ka DSA o kēia ʻano ʻaʻohe o nā hemahema o nā sensor inductive, ʻae lākou iā ʻoe e ana i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā huila maoli mai nā kenimika mua o ka neʻe ʻana o ke kaʻa, pololei a hilinaʻi i ka hana.
Hoʻolālā a me ka hana ʻana o nā mea ʻike wikiwiki anisotropic magnetoresistive
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea ʻike wikiwiki Magnetoresistive i ka hopena anisotropic magnetoresistive, ʻo ia ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa uila o nā mea ferromagnetic i ka wā e hoʻololi ai kā lākou orientation e pili ana i kahi māla magnetic mau.
ʻO ka mea koʻikoʻi o ka sensor he "layer cake" o nā papa permalloy lahilahi ʻelua a ʻehā paha (kahi hao-nickel alloy kūikawā), kahi i hoʻopili ʻia ai nā mea hoʻokele metala, e puʻunaue ana i nā laina kahua magnetic ma kekahi ʻano.Hoʻokomo ʻia nā papa a me nā alakaʻi i loko o kahi kaapuni i hoʻohui ʻia, kahi e mālama ai i ke kaʻina loiloi e hana i ka hōʻailona puka.Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia chip i loko o kahi sensor e kū pono ana i ka pulse rotor - kahi apo plastic me nā ʻāpana magnetized.Hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia ke apo ma ka huila huila.
ʻO ka hana o nā mea ʻike AMR e hoʻoheheʻe i lalo.I ka hoʻomaha ʻana, ʻaʻole i loli ka pale ʻana o nā pā ferromagnetic o ka sensor, no laila ʻaʻole loli ka hōʻailona hoʻopuka i hana ʻia e ka circuit integrated a i ʻole ʻaʻole loa.I ka neʻe ʻana o ke kaʻa, hele nā ʻāpana magnetized o ke apo pulse e ka mea ʻike sensor, e alakaʻi ana i kekahi hoʻololi i ke ala o nā laina kahua magnetic.Hoʻololi kēia i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa o nā papa permalloy, i nānā ʻia e ka kaapuni loiloi - ʻo ka hopena, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hōʻailona kikohoʻe pulsed ma ka puka o ka mea ʻike, ʻo ke alapine e like me ka wikiwiki o ke kaʻa.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo nā sensor magnetoresistive e ʻae iā ʻoe e nānā ʻaʻole wale i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā huila, akā ʻo ke kuhikuhi hoʻi o kā lākou huli ʻana a me ka manawa e kū ai.Hiki kēia ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi rotor pulse me nā ʻāpana magnetized: ke nānā nei ka sensor ʻaʻole wale i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kuhikuhi o ke kahua magnetic, akā ʻo ke kaʻina o ka hele ʻana o nā pole magnetic ma mua o ka mea ʻike.
ʻO nā DSA o kēia ʻano ka mea i hilinaʻi nui ʻia, hāʻawi lākou i ka pololei kiʻekiʻe i ke ana ʻana i ka wikiwiki o ka rotation o nā huila a me ka hana pono o nā ʻōnaehana palekana kaʻa.
ʻO ke kumumanaʻo maʻamau o ka hana o nā mea ʻike wikiwiki ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ABS a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe
ʻO nā ʻōnaehana anti-lock braking, me ka nānā ʻole i nā mea ʻike i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ia mau mea, loaʻa ka loina like o ka hana.Mālama ka ABS control unit i ka hōʻailona e hele mai ana mai nā mea ʻike wikiwiki a hoʻohālikelike iā ia me nā hōʻailona i helu mua ʻia o ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki o ke kaʻa (ʻo kēia mau hōʻailona no kēlā me kēia kaʻa).Inā kū like ka hōʻailona mai ka mea ʻike a me nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka pūʻulu mana, ʻaʻole hana ka ʻōnaehana.Inā haʻalele ka hōʻailona mai hoʻokahi a ʻoi aʻe paha mai nā ʻāpana hoʻolālā (ʻo ia hoʻi, ua pani ʻia nā huila), a laila ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻōnaehana i ka ʻōnaehana brake, e pale ana i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka laka ʻana i nā huila.
Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hana o ka anti-lock braking a me nā ʻōnaehana palekana kaʻa ikaika ma nā ʻatikala ʻē aʻe ma ka pūnaewele.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-24-2023