Hoʻolako nui ʻia nā kaʻa me nā kumu kukui hou - nā kukui kaʻa LED.ʻO nā mea a pau e pili ana i kēia mau kukui, ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā, nā ʻano i loaʻa, ka lepili a me ka hoʻopili ʻana, a me ke koho kūpono a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā kukui LED, ua wehewehe ʻia i kēia mea.
Ke kumu o nā kukui kaʻa LED
ʻO ke kukui LED automotive (LED lamp, LED lamp) he kumu kukui uila e pili ana i nā kukui-emitting diodes (LED) i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kukui a me nā mea hoʻomālamalama o nā kaʻa.
I loko o nā kaʻa o kēia wā, nā tractors a me nā mīkini like ʻole he ʻumi mau kumu kukui - nā kukui poʻo, nā kuhikuhi kuhikuhi, nā kukui hoʻomaha, nā kukui kaʻa, nā kukui holo ʻana o ke ao, ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o ka palapala laikini, nā kukui noe, nā kukui o loko (me nā kukui ʻāpana lima), nā kukui ʻōpala, dashboard. nā kukui, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. No nā makahiki he nui, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kukui incandescent o nā manaʻo like ʻole, akā i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua hoʻololi ʻia lākou e nā kumu kukui semiconductor - nā kukui LED.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukui LED i nā kaʻa he ʻekolu mau pono nui:
● Hoemi i ka mana hoʻohana - nā LED me ka mana luminous flux e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kukui incandescent e hoʻopau loa i kēia manawa;
● Hoʻonui i ka wā lawelawe no ka mālama ʻana i nā kukui - he mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui o nā LED ma mua o nā kukui incandescent, no laila pono lākou e hoʻololi pinepine (a, no laila, e hoʻemi i ke kumukūʻai o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā kukui hou);
● Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hilinaʻi o nā mea hoʻomālamalama - ʻo nā ʻōpuʻu LED he mau hale paʻa ʻole i loaʻa ʻole nā filament, no laila ke kū nei lākou i nā haʻalulu a me nā haʻalulu.
I kēia manawa, hana ʻia nā kukui LED e hiki ke hoʻololi piha i nā kukui incandescent i kahi kaʻa.Eia nō naʻe, no ke koho pololei ʻana i kēia mau kumu kukui, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā, nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka plinth.
Hoʻolālā a me nā ʻano o nā kukui kaʻa LED
ʻO ke kumu, ʻekolu mau ʻāpana nā kukui kaʻa LED: kahi hale kahi i kau ʻia ai hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā LED, a me kahi kumu no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ke kukui i kahi kumu.Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kukui ma luna o nā kukui kukui polū - nā mea uila e pili ana i kahi aniani o kahi mea semiconductor (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka gallium nitride i hoʻololi ʻia me ka indium), kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai kahi pn junction, a ua hoʻopili ʻia kahi phosphor i ka ʻili o ka emitting.Ke hele ʻia kēia manawa ma ka LED, hoʻopuka kona hoʻololi i kahi kala polū, i hoʻololi ʻia e kahi papa o ka phosphor i keʻokeʻo.I nā kukui haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hoʻohana ʻia nā LED 1-3, i nā kukui kukui - a hiki i 25 LED a ʻoi aku paha.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā LED ma luna o kahi pā insulating a i ʻole hale i hana ʻia me nā mea insulating, i nā hihia liʻiliʻi hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ka pale ma ke ʻano o ke aniani aniani (e like me nā kukui incandescent maʻamau).Hoʻopili ʻia kēlā hui LED i kahi kumu metala a i ʻole ka plastic, kahi e hāʻawi ʻia ai kēia manawa i nā LED mai ka ʻōnaehana uila o ke kaʻa.
ʻO nā kukui kukui o ke kaʻa LED
Ma kekahi mau ʻano kukui, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka mana wela nui, e alakaʻi ana i kā lākou wela a me ka hāʻule ʻole.No ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka wela mai ia mau kukui, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻolālā - passive a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoluʻu ikaika.Hāʻawi ʻia ka hoʻoluʻu passive e nā heatsinks alumini ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o ka hui LED.Loaʻa i ka heatsink nā fins, e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻohemo ʻana o ka wela ma o ka convection.Hoʻolako ʻia nā Radiators me nā kukui kukui haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa - no nā pale salon, nā kukui holo ʻana o ke ao, nā kukui noe, etc.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoluʻu ikaika ma ke kumu o ka radiator a me ka peʻahi, e hāʻawi ana i ka puhi ikaika o ka radiator e hoʻoneʻe i ka wela nui mai ia mea.Hiki i ka peʻa ke hana mau i ka wā e ʻā ana ke kukui, a i ʻole e hoʻomalu ʻia e ka automation e nānā ana i ka mahana o ka hāmeʻa.Hoʻolako ʻia nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoluʻu ikaika me nā kukui kukui ikaika no nā kukui.
Loaʻa nā kukui LED kaʻa no nā volta hoʻolako maʻamau - 6, 12 a me 24 V, loaʻa ka mana o nā ʻāpana o nā watts, ʻo ka hapa nui loa lākou e hoʻololi ʻia me nā kukui incandescent.
Ka hōʻailona a me nā kumu o nā kukui LED
Pono e kuhikuhi koke ʻia nā kukui kaʻa LED i hana ʻia me nā ʻano pāpale like me nā kukui incandescent maʻamau - ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke hoʻokomo i nā ʻano mea hoʻomālamalama ʻelua i loko o ke kaʻa me ka hoʻololi ʻole i ka ʻōnaehana uila.I ka manawa like, i ka hōʻailona ʻana i nā kukui LED, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kekahi mau inoa - ke ʻano o ke kumu a me ke ʻano o ke kukui incandescent like.Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kēlā hōʻailona i ke koho ʻana i nā kukui kukui, inā pono, e hoʻololi i ke kukui incandescent me kahi LED a i ʻole.
I ko mākou ʻāina, aia kekahi mau maʻamau no nā kukui, ma waena o lākou ka maʻamau interstate no nā kumu GOST IEC 60061-1-2014 (pili i nā kumu kukui o nā ʻano āpau, me ka automotive, home, etc.).E like me kēia palapala a me nā kūlana ʻEulopa like (IEC a me DIN), hiki i nā kukui kaʻa ke loaʻa i nā ʻano o nā pāpale:
● BA - pine (bayonet), aia nā pine i kahi symmetrically pili kekahi i kekahi;
● BAY - pine (bayonet), hoʻololi ʻia kekahi pine i ke kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i kekahi;
● BAZ - pine (bayonet), hoʻololi ʻia kekahi pine i ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka radius e pili ana i kekahi;
● E - kaula (ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā kaʻa hou);
● P - ʻāʻī;
● SV - kukui soffit me kahi kumu ʻaoʻao ʻelua;
● W - nā kukui me kahi kumu aniani, e pili ana i nā kukui LED - me kahi kumu plastic (pinepine lākou i kapa ʻia he mau kukui me ka kumu ʻole).
Nā ʻano kumu a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kukui LED automotive
Hōʻike ka helu helu o ka māka i ke anawaena a i ʻole ka laulā o ke kumu, a ʻo ka leka ma hope o ka helu e hōʻike ana i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā.No ka laʻana, ʻo kahi kumu BA15s maʻamau he kumu pine 15 mm anawaena me ʻelua mau pine i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a hoʻokahi hoʻopili alakaʻi, hoʻokani ʻia ka lua e ke aniani o ke kumu.A ʻo ka BA15d ka waihona hoʻokahi, akā me ʻelua mau pilina alakaʻi (poe a oval paha), hoʻokani ʻia ke kuleana o ke kolu o ka pilina e ke aniani o ke kumu.
E like me ka hōʻailona ʻana i nā pāpale, hoʻohana ʻia ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana e like me ka māka ʻana o nā kukui incandescent automotive maʻamau.No ka laʻana, ʻo nā kukui T5 a me T10 he mau kukui pāpale liʻiliʻi e hoʻohana ana i nā pāpale ʻano W5W.Hana ʻia kēlā kumu ma ke ʻano o kahi pā plastik, ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua e hōʻike ʻia ai ʻelua mau kelepona.Hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia nā kukui soffit C5W a me FT10.A ʻo ka hōʻailona ʻana i nā kukui kukui LED e hōʻailona ʻia me nā kukui halogen - mai H1 a H11, HB1, HB3, HB4, etc.
Pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i kekahi mau ʻano o nā pāpale kukui i kaha kikohoʻe ʻia.No ka laʻana, hōʻailona ʻia nā plinth BA15 i kekahi mau kūlana "1156/1157", hōʻailona ʻia nā plinths ākea W21 "7440/7443", etc.
Pehea e koho ai a pani i ke kukui LED kaʻa
Ke koho ʻana i kahi kukui LED (a i ʻole kekahi mau kukui) no ke kaʻa, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ke ʻano o ke kumu a me nā hiʻohiʻona uila o ke kukui uila.E like me ke kānāwai, ʻo nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hana, hoʻoponopono a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaʻa e hōʻike i ke ʻano o nā kumu kukui i hoʻohana ʻia a me ko lākou mau kumu - ʻo ia nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e pono ai ke kūʻai.Pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ka volta o ka pūnaewele ma luna o ke kaʻa, a koho i nā kukui kūpono.
Pono e uku nui ʻia i ke koho ʻana o nā kukui me nā kumu bayonet (pin) a me nā kukui soffit.E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, hiki i nā pāpale BA, BAY a me BAZ ke hoʻolālā hoʻokahi-pin ("s" marking) a me ʻelua-pin ("d" marking), a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia.I ka manawa like, hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia nā kukui me ʻelua mau ʻāpana a me ka oval i loko o ka pahu like me ka ʻole o ka palena.I mea e pale aku ai i ka hewa, pono e hoʻolohe i ka māka piha o ke kumu kukui.
Na Kukui Kaa Hoolaha LED
ʻO nā kukui Soffit nā kumu like me ke anawaena o 7 mm (SV7 base, type C10W) a me 8.5 mm (SV8.5 base, type C5W), a ʻokoʻa hoʻi i ka lōʻihi - hiki ke 31, 36 a me 41 mm.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, ke koho ʻana i nā kukui LED no nā kuhikuhi kuhikuhi a me nā kukui kaʻa, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo he keʻokeʻo lākou a he amber (alani).I ka hōʻailona ʻana i nā kukui o ke ʻano ʻelua, aia ka leka "Y" ("melemele"), loaʻa iā lākou kahi puʻupuʻu a kānana paha me kahi kala amber, e hāʻawi ana i ke ahi i ke kala i makemake ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi diffuser transparent.
Hoʻololi ʻia nā kukui LED e like me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hoʻoponopono a mālama ʻana i ke kaʻa.I ka hana ʻana i kēia hana, pono ia e hoʻopau i ka ʻenehana ma luna o ke kaʻa.ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kumu kukui maʻamau e iho i lalo i ka wehe ʻana i ke kukui uila (ka wehe ʻana i ke kaupaku a i ʻole ka diffuser, i ke ʻano o nā kukui poʻo, wehe iā lākou a / a i ʻole ka wehe ʻana iā lākou), hoʻokomo i ke kukui i ke kumu kūpono, a hoʻohui hou.
Inā koho ʻia ke kukui LED a hoʻokomo pono ʻia, a laila e hōʻoiaʻiʻo kona kukui i ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka palekana o ke kaʻa no nā makahiki he nui.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-12-2023